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Gyeongju APEC 2025, Korea

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Written by Peter Li-Chang Kuo ( Chinese ) This week marks the APEC Leaders’ Week, held in Gyeongju , South Korea — the so-called “ grand gathering ” that has now drawn to a perfect close. Last year’s feast in Peru feels as if it were just yesterday, and yet another summit has already passed. Much was discussed, but upon reflection, it seems that little of substance was achieved. Fig 1: APEC 2025 Gyeongju Logo The APEC member economies account for over 40% of the global population, more than 60% of the world's economic output, and 50% of global trade volume. Since APEC's establishment in 1989, by 2025, trade and investment facilitation has lifted “ over one billion people ” out of poverty. Leaders acknowledge that as the region faces challenges such as demographic shifts, technological transformation, and reshaping of trade patterns, this formidable strength comes with increasing social responsibility. At APEC 2020 in Malaysia, the host country announced:  "...
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The Yarlung Tsangpo Legend

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Prepared by Peter Li-Chang Kuo ( Chinese ) The " Helsinki Rules, " adopted by the International Law Association (ILA) at its 1966 conference in Helsinki , Finland , are a set of highly authoritative but non-binding international guidelines. These rules govern the fair and reasonable use of transboundary rivers, laying the foundation of modern international water law. They emphasize equitable and reasonable utilization, cooperation and consultation, and the principle of no significant harm to other riparian states. The " 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses " builds upon the main principles of the " Helsinki Rules ." It further clarifies the primacy of equitable and reasonable utilization and elaborates supporting mechanisms such as dispute resolution and information exchange. The Helsinki Rules’ core doctrine—that no riparian state shall cause substantial harm to another—was enshrined as a...
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